Apache - 安装"让我们加密"证书 [ 一步一步]

您想了解如何在运行 Ubuntu Linux 的计算机的 Apache 服务器上安装”让我们加密”证书吗？在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何安装”让我们加密”客户端并在 Apache 服务器上配置 HTTPS 网站。

• Ubuntu 18
• Ubuntu 19
• Ubuntu 20
• Apache 2.4.41

在我们的示例中，Apache 服务器的 IP 地址为 36.160.86.106。

在我们的示例中，我们将创建网站：WWW.GAMEKING.TIPS。

阿帕奇 – 相关教程：

在此页上，我们提供快速访问与 Apache 相关的教程列表。

Apache 让我们加密 – DNS 配置

访问 GODADDY 网站并购买 DNS 域。

在我们的示例中，我们购买了名为：

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您可以使用任何网站购买 DNS 域名， GoDaddy 只是我个人的选择。

创建一个 DNS 条目，将您的网站指向运行 Apache 的计算机。

在我们的示例中，我们创建了一个 DNS 条目，指向 WWW.GAMEKING.TIPS 到 35.160.86.106。

使用 NSLOOKUP 命令测试 DNS 配置。

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下面是命令输出。

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祝贺！您已完成所需的 DNS 配置。

教程让我们加密 – 阿帕奇安装

安装 Apache 服务器和所需的包。

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启用名为：Mod_ssl。

启用名为：Mod_rewrite。

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编辑 Apache 配置文件。

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在此文件末尾添加以下行。

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创建目录以存储新的网站文件和日志。

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网站文件将存储在以下目录中：

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网站日志将存储在以下目录中：

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为新网站创建 Apache 配置文件。

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下面是具有我们配置的文件。

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启用新网站。

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重新启动 Apache 服务。

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打开浏览器并尝试访问网站的 HTTP 版本。

在我们的示例中，浏览器中输入了以下 URL：

• http://www.gameking.tips

您已经完成了 Apache 服务器上的虚拟主机配置。

Apache 让我们加密 – 安装证书

我们需要安装免费的 HTTPS 证书。

我们还需要自动将所有 HTTP 流量重定向到网站的 HTTPS 版本。

安装所需软件包的列表。

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安装 Apache 免费 HTTPS 证书

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• 按（A）以同意服务条款。
• 按（Y）共享您的电子邮件并接收通讯。
• 按（2）自动将 HTTP 网站重定向到 HTTPS 版本。

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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): techexpert@gmail.com

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Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
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(A)gree/(C)ancel: A

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Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
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(Y)es/(N)o: Y
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for www.gameking.tips
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Created an SSL vhost at /etc/apache2/sites-available/gameking-le-ssl.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/apache2/sites-available/gameking-le-ssl.conf
Enabling available site: /etc/apache2/sites-available/gameking-le-ssl.conf

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
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1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
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Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Redirecting vhost in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/gameking.conf to ssl vhost in /etc/apache2/sites-available/gameking-le-ssl.conf

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Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://www.gameking.tips

You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=www.gameking.tips
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.gameking.tips/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.gameking.tips/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2021-02-21. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
   with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
   your certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

系统将自动安装免费证书。

它还将 Apache 服务器配置为将所有 HTTP 访问权限重定向到网站的 HTTPS 版本。

在我们的示例中，系统创建了一个虚拟主机配置文件。

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这是文件内容。

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KEY 文件包含您的证书私钥，必须一直保存在安全的地方。

在我们的示例中，KEY 文件存储在：

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系统会自动修改原始 Apache 的虚拟主机配置文件。

它会自动将所有 HTTP 请求重定向到您网站的 HTTPS 版本。

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打开浏览器并使用 HTTPS 协议输入新网站的 DNS 地址。

在我们的示例中，浏览器中输入了以下 URL：

• https://www.gameking.tips/

应显示 HTTPS 页。

验证证书属性。

您已经安装了 Apache 服务器上的”让我们加密”证书。

Apache 让我们加密 – 证书续订

安装的免费证书的有效期为 90 天。

系统创建计划任务，在过期后 30 天内自动续订任何证书。

计划的任务名称是 CERTBOT，它位于以下目录中：

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这是文件内容。

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使用以下命令模拟证书续订过程。

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下面是命令输出。

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Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log

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Processing /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/www.gameking.tips.conf
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Cert not due for renewal, but simulating renewal for dry run
Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache
Renewing an existing certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for www.gameking.tips
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges

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new certificate deployed with reload of apache server; fullchain is
/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.gameking.tips/fullchain.pem
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** DRY RUN: simulating 'certbot renew' close to cert expiry
**          (The test certificates below have not been saved.)

Congratulations, all renewals succeeded. The following certs have been renewed:
  /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.gameking.tips/fullchain.pem (success)
** DRY RUN: simulating 'certbot renew' close to cert expiry
**          (The test certificates above have not been saved.)
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.

祝贺！您已配置了”让我们加密”自动证书续订。

Apache – 安装”让我们加密”证书