您想了解如何在Ubuntu Linux上使用HTTPS安装Squid吗？ 在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何在Ubuntu Linux上安装和配置代理服务器Squid。

本教程在Ubuntu 18.04上进行了测试。
本教程在Squid 4.5上进行了测试。

硬件清单：

以下部分介绍了用于创建此Squid教程的设备列表。

上面列出的每一件硬件都可以在亚马逊网站上找到。

鱿鱼相关教程：

在此页面上，我们提供了与Squid相关的教程列表的快速访问。

在Ubuntu Linux上安装Squid

我们需要配置正确的日期和时间，因为我们将使用证书。

在Linux控制台上，使用以下命令设置正确的时区。

# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

安装Ntpdate包并立即设置正确的日期和时间。

# apt-get install ntpdate
# ntpdate pool.ntp.br

在我们的示例中，Ntpdate命令用于使用巴西服务器pool.ntp.br设置正确的日期和时间

我们来安装NTP服务。

# timedatectl set-ntp 0
# apt-get install ntp

NTP是保持我们的服务器更新的服务。

使用命令日期检查Ubuntu Linux上配置的日期和时间。

# date

如果系统显示正确的日期和时间，则表示您已正确执行所有步骤。

使用以下命令安装所需的包。

# apt-get update
# apt-get install build-essential openssl libssl-dev pkg-config

下载，编译和安装Squid包。

# mkdir /downloads
# cd /downloads
# wget http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v4/squid-4.5.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf squid-4.5.tar.gz
# cd squid-4.5
# ./configure –with-default-user=proxy –with-openssl –enable-ssl-crtd
# make
# make install

配置Squid HTTPS / SSL环境

现在，您应该在系统上找到openssl.cnf文件的位置。

找到后，您需要编辑openssl.cnf文件。

# updatedb
# vi /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf

这是原始文件，在配置之前没有注释。

HOME = .
RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
oid_section = new_oids[ new_oids ] tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

[ ca ]

default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section

[ CA_default ]

dir = ./demoCA # Where everything is kept
certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.
# several certs with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate
serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number
# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file
x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extensions to add to the cert
name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = default # use public key default MD
preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering
policy = policy_match

[ policy_match ]

countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional[ policy_anything ] countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional

[ req ]

default_bits = 2048
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extensions to add to the self signed cert
string_mask = utf8only

[ req_distinguished_name ]

countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = AU
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
commonName = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_max = 64
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_max = 64

[ req_attributes ]

challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name[ usr_cert ] basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
nsComment = “OpenSSL Generated Certificate”
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

[ v3_req ]

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

[ crl_ext ]

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
nsComment = “OpenSSL Generated Certificate”
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

[ tsa ]

default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section

[ tsa_config1 ]

dir = ./demoCA # TSA root directory
serial = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device = builtin # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem # The TSA signing certificate
# (optional)
certs = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply
# (optional)
signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
signer_digest = sha256 # Signing digest to use. (Optional)
default_policy = tsa_policy1 # Policy if request did not specify it
# (optional)
other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional)
digests = sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512 # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional)
clock_precision_digits = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
# (optional, default: no)
tsa_name = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
# (optional, default: no)

将KeyUsage配置添加到V3_CA区域。

[ v3_ca ]

keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

创建所需的SSL文件夹基础结构。

# mkdir /usr/local/squid/etc/ssl_cert -p
# chown proxy:proxy /usr/local/squid/etc/ssl_cert -R
# chmod 700 /usr/local/squid/etc/ssl_cert -R
# cd /usr/local/squid/etc/ssl_cert

创建自签名证书颁发机构。

# openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout myCA.pem -out myCA.pem

…………………………………………………………….+++
………………………………..+++
writing new private key to ‘myCA.pem’
—–
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:BR
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Rio de Janeiro
Locality Name (eg, city) []:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:TECHEXPERT 
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: firewall.techexpert.tips
Email Address []:

使用DER格式导出自签名证书颁发机构证书。

# openssl x509 -in myCA.pem -outform DER -out myCA.der

重要！ 您需要将MyCA.DER导入客户端计算机。

创建初始SSL数据库。

# /usr/local/squid/libexec/security_file_certgen -c -s /usr/local/squid/var/logs/ssl_db -M 4MB
# chown proxy:proxy /usr/local/squid/var/logs/ssl_db -R

导入证书颁发机构证书

您需要将MyCA.DER文件复制到运行Windows的计算机上。

在运行Windows的客户端计算机上，双击MyCA.DER文件。

单击Install Certificat按钮。

Squid Certificate installation

选择选项：本地计算机。

Squid HTTPS Certificate Local machine

选择选项：将所有证书放在以下存储中。

Squid HTTPS Certificate store

选择名为“受信任的根证书颁发机构”的文件夹。

Squid - Trusted Root Certitication Authorities

您已完成证书安装。

为HTTPS配置Squid

这是Squid Package安装的原始squid配置文件。

# vi /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf

acl localnet src 0.0.0.1-0.255.255.255
acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8
acl localnet src 100.64.0.0/10
acl localnet src 169.254.0.0/16
acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12
acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16
acl localnet src fc00::/7
acl localnet src fe80::/10
acl SSL_ports port 443
acl Safe_ports port 80
acl Safe_ports port 21
acl Safe_ports port 443
acl Safe_ports port 70
acl Safe_ports port 210
acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535
acl Safe_ports port 280
acl Safe_ports port 488
acl Safe_ports port 591
acl Safe_ports port 777
acl CONNECT method CONNECT
http_access deny !Safe_ports
http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports
http_access allow localhost manager
http_access deny manager
http_access allow localnet
http_access allow localhost
http_access deny all
http_port 3128
coredump_dir /usr/local/squid/var/cache/squid
refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080
refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440
refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0
refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320

这是我们配置的新文件。

# vi /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf

acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/24
acl step1 at_step SslBump1
ssl_bump peek step1
ssl_bump bump all
acl SSL_ports port 443
acl Safe_ports port 80 # http
acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp
acl Safe_ports port 443 # https
acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher
acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais
acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports
acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt
acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http
acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker
acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http
acl CONNECT method CONNECT
http_access deny !Safe_ports
http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports
http_access allow localhost manager
http_access deny manager
http_access allow localnet
http_access allow localhost
http_access deny all
http_port 3128 ssl-bump cert=/usr/local/squid/etc/ssl_cert/myCA.pem generate-host-certificates=on dynamic_cert_mem_cache_size=4MB
sslcrtd_program /usr/local/squid/libexec/security_file_certgen -s /usr/local/squid/var/logs/ssl_db -M 4MB
coredump_dir /usr/local/squid/var/cache/squid
cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/var/cache/squid 1000 16 256 # 1GB as Cache
refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080
refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440
refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0
refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320

我的配置很基本。

强烈建议您研究此配置文件以改进配置。

使用以下命令创建必要的缓存文件夹。

# chown -R proxy:proxy /usr/local/squid -R
# /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -z

使用以下命令启动Squid服务。

# /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -d 10

如果一切正常，您应该在屏幕上看到以下消息：

Created PID file (https://d1ny9casiyy5u5.cloudfront.net/usr/local/squid/var/run/squid.pid)
Set Current Directory to /usr/local/squid/var/cache/squid
Starting Squid Cache version 4.5 for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu…
Service Name: squid
Process ID 20605
Process Roles: worker
With 1024 file descriptors available
Initializing IP Cache…
DNS Socket created at [::], FD 5
DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, FD 9
Adding nameserver 127.0.0.53 from /etc/resolv.conf
Adding domain us-west-2.compute.internal from /etc/resolv.conf
helperOpenServers: Starting 5/32 ‘security_file_certgen’ processes
Logfile: opening log daemon:/usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
Logfile Daemon: opening log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
Store logging disabled
Swap maxSize 0 + 262144 KB, estimated 20164 objects
Target number of buckets: 1008
Using 8192 Store buckets
Max Mem size: 262144 KB
Max Swap size: 0 KB
Using Least Load store dir selection
Set Current Directory to /usr/local/squid/var/cache/squid
Finished loading MIME types and icons.
HTCP Disabled.
Squid plugin modules loaded: 0
Adaptation support is off.
Accepting SSL bumped HTTP Socket connections at local=[::]:3128 remote=[::] FD 22 flags=9
2019/01/18 15:33:59 kid1| storeLateRelease: released 0 objects

要测试安装，请转到位于内部网络上的计算机，并将其浏览器配置为使用Squid服务器的IP地址和TCP端口3128作为代理服务器。

尝试访问HTTPS网站并验证您的证书。

在我们的示例中，我们正在访问Google.com网站。

Squid代理将自动为所有客户端创建虚假的HTTPS证书。

Squid HTTPS Proxy Example