Voulez-vous apprendre à effectuer un partitionnement de base de données Zabbix? Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons vous montrer comment partitionner la base de données Zabbix MySQL sur un ordinateur exécutant Ubuntu Linux.

• version Zabbix: 4.0.5
• Linux: Ubuntu 18.04
• MySQL: Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.25

Notre tutoriel considère une nouvelle installation de Zabbix.

Liste du Matériel:

La section suivante présente la liste du matériel utilisé pour créer ce didacticiel Zabbix.

Tous les éléments matériels répertoriés ci-dessus sont disponibles sur le site Web d'Amazon.

Zabbix Playlist:

Sur cette page, nous offrons un accès rapide à une liste de vidéos relatives à l'installation de Zabbix.

N'oubliez pas de vous abonner à notre chaîne youtube nommée FKIT.

Didacticiel - Partitionnement de Base de Données Zabbix

Utilisez la commande suivante pour installer le logiciel requis.

# apt-get update
# apt-get install perl libdbi-perl libdatetime-perl libdbd-mysql-perl

Nous devons partitionner les tables suivantes à partir de la base de données Zabbix:

• history
• history_log
• history_str
• history_text
• history_uint
• trends
• trends_uint

Votre serveur Zabbix a probablement déjà des informations de surveillance dans sa base de données.

Accédez à la console MySQL et vérifiez la date d’entrée la plus ancienne de Zabbix pour les 7 tables répertoriées ci-dessus:

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_log`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_str`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_text`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_uint`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `trends`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `trends_uint`;

Pour chacune de ces commandes MySQL, le résultat devrait ressembler à ceci:

+---------------------------------------+
| FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2019-03-22 17:48:07                       |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Important! Prenez note de la date affichée pour chacun des tableaux.

Maintenant, partitionnons chaque table d'historique par date:

Commençons par partitionner la table History.

# mysql -u root -p
# use zabbix;

ALTER TABLE `history` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Dans notre exemple, un fichier nommé p2019_03_22 contiendra toutes les informations MySQL avant 2019-03-23.

Si votre date cible est le 2019-03-22, vous devez tout saisir avant le 2019-03-23.

Deuxièmement, partitionnons la table history_log.

ALTER TABLE `history_log` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Troisièmement, partitionnons la table history_str.

ALTER TABLE `history_str` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Quatrièmement, partitionnons la table history_text.

ALTER TABLE `history_text` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Cinquièmement, partitionnons la table history_uint.

ALTER TABLE `history_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Partitionnons maintenant chaque tableau de la tendance par mois:

Commençons par partitionner la table Trends.

ALTER TABLE `trends` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-04-01 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Dans notre exemple, un fichier nommé p2019_03 contiendra toutes les informations MySQL avant 2019-04-01.

Si votre date cible est le 2019-03, vous devez tout saisir avant le 2019-04-01.

Deuxièmement, partitionnons la table trends_uint.

ALTER TABLE `trends_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-04-01 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Base de données Zabbix Les partitions ont été créées avec succès.

Tutoriel - Script de Partitionnement de Base de Données Zabbix

Nous allons utiliser un script Perl pour effectuer les tâches suivantes:

Créez à l’avance 10 jours de partition de base de données MySQL pour empêcher le service de s’arrêter.

Supprimez les anciennes partitions MySQL qui ne sont plus nécessaires.

# mkdir /downloads/zabbix_script
# cd /downloads/zabbix_script
# vi zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Voici le contenu du script zabbix_partition_creator.pl:

use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use DBI;
use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros);
use DateTime;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
openlog("mysql_zbx_part", "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0);
my $db_schema = 'zabbix';
my $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock';
my $db_user_name = 'zabbix';
my $db_password = 'kamisama123';
my $tables = { 'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
};
my $amount_partitions = 10;
my $curr_tz = 'America/Sao_Paulo';
my $part_tables;
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $db_user_name, $db_password, {'ShowErrorStatement' => 1});
my $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{SELECT table_name, partition_name, lower(partition_method) as partition_method,
rtrim(ltrim(partition_expression)) as partition_expression,
partition_description, table_rows
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE partition_name IS NOT NULL AND table_schema = ?});
$sth->execute($db_schema);
while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
$part_tables->{$row->{'table_name'}}->{$row->{'partition_name'}} = $row;
}
$sth->finish();
foreach my $key (sort keys %{$tables}) {
unless (defined($part_tables->{$key})) {
syslog(LOG_ERR, 'Partitioning for "'.$key.'" is not found! The table might be not partitioned.');
next;
}
create_next_partition($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'});
remove_old_partitions($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'}, $tables->{$key}->{'keep_history'})
}
delete_old_data();
$dbh->disconnect();
sub create_next_partition {
my $table_name = shift;
my $table_part = shift;
my $period = shift;
for (my $curr_part = 0; $curr_part < $amount_partitions; $curr_part++) {
my $next_name = name_next_part($tables->{$table_name}->{'period'}, $curr_part);
my $found = 0;
foreach my $partition (sort keys %{$table_part}) {
if ($next_name eq $partition) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Next partition for $table_name table has already been created. It is $next_name");
$found = 1;
}
}
if ( $found == 0 ) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Creating a partition for $table_name table ($next_name)");
my $query = 'ALTER TABLE '."$db_schema.$table_name".' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION '.$next_name.
' VALUES less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("'.date_next_part($tables->{$table_name}->{'period'}, $curr_part).'") div 1))';
syslog(LOG_DEBUG, $query);
$dbh->do($query);
}
}
}
sub remove_old_partitions {
my $table_name = shift;
my $table_part = shift;
my $period = shift;
my $keep_history = shift;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
$curr_date->add(days => -$keep_history);
$curr_date->add(hours => -$curr_date->strftime('%H'));
$curr_date->add(minutes => -$curr_date->strftime('%M'));
$curr_date->add(seconds => -$curr_date->strftime('%S'));
}
elsif ( $period eq 'week' ) {
}
elsif ( $period eq 'month' ) {
$curr_date->add(months => -$keep_history);
$curr_date->add(days => -$curr_date->strftime('%d')+1);
$curr_date->add(hours => -$curr_date->strftime('%H'));
$curr_date->add(minutes => -$curr_date->strftime('%M'));
$curr_date->add(seconds => -$curr_date->strftime('%S'));
}
foreach my $partition (sort keys %{$table_part}) {
if ($table_part->{$partition}->{'partition_description'} <= $curr_date->epoch) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Removing old $partition partition from $table_name table");
my $query = "ALTER TABLE $db_schema.$table_name DROP PARTITION $partition";
syslog(LOG_DEBUG, $query);
$dbh->do($query);
}
}
}
sub name_next_part {
my $period = shift;
my $curr_part = shift;
my $name_template;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'day' );
$curr_date->add(days => 1 + $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m_%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'week') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'week' );
$curr_date->add(days => 7 * $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m_w%W');
}
elsif ($period eq 'month') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'month' );
$curr_date->add(months => 1 + $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m');
}
return $name_template;
}
sub date_next_part {
my $period = shift;
my $curr_part = shift;
my $period_date;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'day' );
$curr_date->add(days => 2 + $curr_part);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'week') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'week' );
$curr_date->add(days => 7 * $curr_part + 1);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'month') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'month' );
$curr_date->add(months => 2 + $curr_part);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
return $period_date;
}
sub delete_old_data {
$dbh->do("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE lastaccess < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)");
$dbh->do("TRUNCATE housekeeper");
$dbh->do("DELETE FROM auditlog_details WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM auditlog WHERE auditlog.auditid = auditlog_details.auditid)");
}

Vous devez modifier les parties suivantes du script afin de refléter votre environnement MySQL.

my $db_schema = 'zabbix';
my $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock';
my $db_user_name = 'zabbix';
my $db_password = 'kamisama123';
my $tables = { 'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
};
my $amount_partitions = 10;
my $curr_tz = 'America/Sao_Paulo';

Dans notre exemple, nous utilisons le nom d'utilisateur MySQL zabbix et le mot de passe MySQL kamisama123.

Dans notre exemple, nous conservons le contenu des tables d'historique sur 30 jours.

Dans notre exemple, nous conservons 2 mois de contenu dans les tableaux de tendances.

Dans notre exemple, nous définissons le fuseau horaire de date America / Sao_Paulo.

Maintenant, vous devez exécuter manuellement le script sans erreur.

# cd /downloads/zabbix_script
# chmod 700 zabbix_partition_creator.pl
# ./zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Accédez à la console MySQL et vérifiez que le système a créé 10 jours de partition d’historique à l’avance.

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
show create table history;

/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (1553310000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_23 VALUES LESS THAN (1553396400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_24 VALUES LESS THAN (1553482800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_25 VALUES LESS THAN (1553569200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_26 VALUES LESS THAN (1553655600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_27 VALUES LESS THAN (1553742000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_28 VALUES LESS THAN (1553828400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_29 VALUES LESS THAN (1553914800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_30 VALUES LESS THAN (1554001200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_31 VALUES LESS THAN (1554087600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_04_01 VALUES LESS THAN (1554174000) ENGINE = InnoDB) */

Accédez à la console MySQL et vérifiez que le système a créé 10 mois de partition de tendances à l’avance.

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
show create table trends;

/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (1554087600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_04 VALUES LESS THAN (1556679600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_05 VALUES LESS THAN (1559358000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_06 VALUES LESS THAN (1561950000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_07 VALUES LESS THAN (1564628400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_08 VALUES LESS THAN (1567306800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_09 VALUES LESS THAN (1569898800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_10 VALUES LESS THAN (1572577200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_11 VALUES LESS THAN (1575165600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_12 VALUES LESS THAN (1577844000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2020_01 VALUES LESS THAN (1580522400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */ |

Maintenant, planifions l'exécution quotidienne du script Perl.

# crontab -e

1  0  *  *  * /downloads/scripts/zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Toutes nos félicitations! Vous avez partitionné les tables de la base de données Zabbix MySQL.