Would you like to learn how to perform a Zabbix database partitioning? In this tutorial, we are going to show you how to partition the Zabbix MySQL database on a computer running Ubuntu Linux.

• Zabbix version: 4.0.5
• Linux: Ubuntu 18.04
• MySQL: Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.25

Our tutorial considers a brand new Zabbix installation.

Hardware List:

The following section presents the list of equipment used to create this Zabbix tutorial.

Every piece of hardware listed above can be found at Amazon website.

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Zabbix Related Tutorial:

On this page, we offer quick access to a list of tutorials related to Zabbix installation.

Tutorial - Zabbix Database Partitioning

Use the following command to install the required software.

# apt-get update
# apt-get install perl libdbi-perl libdatetime-perl libdbd-mysql-perl

We need to partition the following tables from Zabbix database:

• history
• history_log
• history_str
• history_text
• history_uint
• trends
• trends_uint

Your Zabbix server probably already has information from monitoring within its database.

Access the MySQL console and verify the Zabbix oldest entry date for the 7 tables listed above:

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_log`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_str`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_text`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `history_uint`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `trends`;
SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) FROM `trends_uint`;

For each of these MySQL commands, the output should be something similar to this:

+---------------------------------------+
| FROM_UNIXTIME(MIN(clock)) |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2019-03-22 17:48:07                       |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Important! Take note of the date displayed for each one of the tables.

Now, let's partition each one of the History Tables by date:

First, let's partition the History table.

# mysql -u root -p
# use zabbix;

ALTER TABLE `history` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

In our example, a file named p2019_03_22 will have all MySQL information before 2019-03-23.

If your target date is 2019-03-22, you need to enter everything before 2019-03-23.

Second, let's partition the history_log table.

ALTER TABLE `history_log` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Third, let's partition the history_str table.

ALTER TABLE `history_str` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Fourth, let's partition the history_text table.

ALTER TABLE `history_text` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Fifth, let's partition the history_uint table.

ALTER TABLE `history_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-03-23 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Now, let's partition each one of the Trends Table by month:

First, let's partition the Trends table.

ALTER TABLE `trends` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-04-01 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

In our example, a file named p2019_03 will have all MySQL information before 2019-04-01.

If your target date is 2019-03, you need to enter everything before 2019-04-01.

Second, let's partition the trends_uint table.

ALTER TABLE `trends_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2019-04-01 00:00:00")) ENGINE = InnoDB);

Zabbix database Partitions were created successfully.

Tutorial - Zabbix Database Partitioning Script

We are going to use a Perl script to do the following tasks:

Create 10 days of MySQL database partition ahead of time to prevent the service to stop.

Delete older MySQL partitions that are not required anymore.

# mkdir /downloads/zabbix_script
# cd /downloads/zabbix_script
# vi zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Here is the content of the zabbix_partition_creator.pl Script:

use strict;
use Data::Dumper;
use DBI;
use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros);
use DateTime;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
openlog("mysql_zbx_part", "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0);
my $db_schema = 'zabbix';
my $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock';
my $db_user_name = 'zabbix';
my $db_password = 'kamisama123';
my $tables = { 'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
};
my $amount_partitions = 10;
my $curr_tz = 'America/Sao_Paulo';
my $part_tables;
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $db_user_name, $db_password, {'ShowErrorStatement' => 1});
my $sth = $dbh->prepare(qq{SELECT table_name, partition_name, lower(partition_method) as partition_method,
rtrim(ltrim(partition_expression)) as partition_expression,
partition_description, table_rows
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE partition_name IS NOT NULL AND table_schema = ?});
$sth->execute($db_schema);
while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
$part_tables->{$row->{'table_name'}}->{$row->{'partition_name'}} = $row;
}
$sth->finish();
foreach my $key (sort keys %{$tables}) {
unless (defined($part_tables->{$key})) {
syslog(LOG_ERR, 'Partitioning for "'.$key.'" is not found! The table might be not partitioned.');
next;
}
create_next_partition($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'});
remove_old_partitions($key, $part_tables->{$key}, $tables->{$key}->{'period'}, $tables->{$key}->{'keep_history'})
}
delete_old_data();
$dbh->disconnect();
sub create_next_partition {
my $table_name = shift;
my $table_part = shift;
my $period = shift;
for (my $curr_part = 0; $curr_part < $amount_partitions; $curr_part++) {
my $next_name = name_next_part($tables->{$table_name}->{'period'}, $curr_part);
my $found = 0;
foreach my $partition (sort keys %{$table_part}) {
if ($next_name eq $partition) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Next partition for $table_name table has already been created. It is $next_name");
$found = 1;
}
}
if ( $found == 0 ) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Creating a partition for $table_name table ($next_name)");
my $query = 'ALTER TABLE '."$db_schema.$table_name".' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION '.$next_name.
' VALUES less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("'.date_next_part($tables->{$table_name}->{'period'}, $curr_part).'") div 1))';
syslog(LOG_DEBUG, $query);
$dbh->do($query);
}
}
}
sub remove_old_partitions {
my $table_name = shift;
my $table_part = shift;
my $period = shift;
my $keep_history = shift;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
$curr_date->add(days => -$keep_history);
$curr_date->add(hours => -$curr_date->strftime('%H'));
$curr_date->add(minutes => -$curr_date->strftime('%M'));
$curr_date->add(seconds => -$curr_date->strftime('%S'));
}
elsif ( $period eq 'week' ) {
}
elsif ( $period eq 'month' ) {
$curr_date->add(months => -$keep_history);
$curr_date->add(days => -$curr_date->strftime('%d')+1);
$curr_date->add(hours => -$curr_date->strftime('%H'));
$curr_date->add(minutes => -$curr_date->strftime('%M'));
$curr_date->add(seconds => -$curr_date->strftime('%S'));
}
foreach my $partition (sort keys %{$table_part}) {
if ($table_part->{$partition}->{'partition_description'} <= $curr_date->epoch) {
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Removing old $partition partition from $table_name table");
my $query = "ALTER TABLE $db_schema.$table_name DROP PARTITION $partition";
syslog(LOG_DEBUG, $query);
$dbh->do($query);
}
}
}
sub name_next_part {
my $period = shift;
my $curr_part = shift;
my $name_template;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'day' );
$curr_date->add(days => 1 + $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m_%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'week') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'week' );
$curr_date->add(days => 7 * $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m_w%W');
}
elsif ($period eq 'month') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'month' );
$curr_date->add(months => 1 + $curr_part);
$name_template = $curr_date->strftime('p%Y_%m');
}
return $name_template;
}
sub date_next_part {
my $period = shift;
my $curr_part = shift;
my $period_date;
my $curr_date = DateTime->now;
$curr_date->set_time_zone( $curr_tz );
if ( $period eq 'day' ) {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'day' );
$curr_date->add(days => 2 + $curr_part);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'week') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'week' );
$curr_date->add(days => 7 * $curr_part + 1);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
elsif ($period eq 'month') {
my $curr_date = $curr_date->truncate( to => 'month' );
$curr_date->add(months => 2 + $curr_part);
$period_date = $curr_date->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
}
return $period_date;
}
sub delete_old_data {
$dbh->do("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE lastaccess < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH)");
$dbh->do("TRUNCATE housekeeper");
$dbh->do("DELETE FROM auditlog_details WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM auditlog WHERE auditlog.auditid = auditlog_details.auditid)");
}

You need to change the following parts of the script to reflect your MySQL environment.

my $db_schema = 'zabbix';
my $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:'.$db_schema.':mysql_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock';
my $db_user_name = 'zabbix';
my $db_password = 'kamisama123';
my $tables = { 'history' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_log' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_str' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_text' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'history_uint' => { 'period' => 'day', 'keep_history' => '30'},
'trends' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
'trends_uint' => { 'period' => 'month', 'keep_history' => '2'},
};
my $amount_partitions = 10;
my $curr_tz = 'America/Sao_Paulo';

In our example, we are using the zabbix MySQL username and kamisama123 MySQL password.

In our example, we are keeping 30 days of history tables content.

In our example, we are keeping 2 months of trends tables content.

In our example, we set the America/Sao_Paulo date timezone.

Now, you need to manually run the script without errors.

# cd /downloads/zabbix_script
# chmod 700 zabbix_partition_creator.pl
# ./zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Access the MySQL console and verify it the system created 10 days of history partition ahead of time.

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
show create table history;

/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03_22 VALUES LESS THAN (1553310000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_23 VALUES LESS THAN (1553396400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_24 VALUES LESS THAN (1553482800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_25 VALUES LESS THAN (1553569200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_26 VALUES LESS THAN (1553655600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_27 VALUES LESS THAN (1553742000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_28 VALUES LESS THAN (1553828400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_29 VALUES LESS THAN (1553914800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_30 VALUES LESS THAN (1554001200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_03_31 VALUES LESS THAN (1554087600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_04_01 VALUES LESS THAN (1554174000) ENGINE = InnoDB) */

Access the MySQL console and verify it the system created 10 months of trends partition ahead of time.

# mysql -u root -p

use zabbix;
show create table trends;

/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)
(PARTITION p2019_03 VALUES LESS THAN (1554087600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_04 VALUES LESS THAN (1556679600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_05 VALUES LESS THAN (1559358000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_06 VALUES LESS THAN (1561950000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_07 VALUES LESS THAN (1564628400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_08 VALUES LESS THAN (1567306800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_09 VALUES LESS THAN (1569898800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_10 VALUES LESS THAN (1572577200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_11 VALUES LESS THAN (1575165600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2019_12 VALUES LESS THAN (1577844000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2020_01 VALUES LESS THAN (1580522400) ENGINE = InnoDB) */ |

Now, let's schedule the Perl script to run daily.

# crontab -e

1  0  *  *  * /downloads/scripts/zabbix_partition_creator.pl

Congratulations! You have partitioned the Zabbix MySQL Database tables.